The observational record arrives here prepared for work.
The Association does not gatekeep the observational record. These files are the cleaned source series behind the research program, free to download without an account, with provenance stated on each. Check our claims against the same numbers we use. The member shelf below adds the assembled full-resolution archives, the cross-indexed master database, and the preparation apparatus.
Twenty five series on one monthly axis, 1749 to 2026: sunspots, geomagnetic indices, the Eskdalemuir field, Earth rotation, earthquake and eruption tallies. The Association's cross-index, open in full. CRA assembly over the sources below.
The reference solar activity series at monthly cadence. WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Three centuries of solar activity at yearly cadence. WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium (CC BY-NC 4.0).
The standard planetary index of geomagnetic disturbance, daily since 1932, with sunspot and F10.7 companions. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (CC BY 4.0).
The Oulu neutron monitor record of galactic cosmic ray flux. Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu.
The rotation pole's wobble and drift across 180 years, at 18.26-day sampling. IERS EOP C01.
Monthly means of the definitive hourly record at observatory ESK; the hourly archive itself is a member package. BGS World Data Centre for Geomagnetism, Edinburgh.
IMF magnitude, solar wind speed, Kp, Dst, and AE from the OMNI2 hourly record, averaged by month. NASA GSFC Space Physics Data Facility.
The historical record of destructive earthquakes, 6,696 events. NOAA NCEI Significant Earthquake Database.
Nine hundred documented significant eruptions with effects. NOAA NCEI.
All 1,214 volcanoes with Holocene activity: position, type, setting, last eruption year. Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program.
The deep-time climate frame: 57 aligned ocean sediment records. Lisiecki and Raymo 2005, via NOAA NCEI Paleoclimatology.
The central Greenland temperature reconstruction that carries the Younger Dryas. Alley 2000, via NOAA NCEI Paleoclimatology.
The Northern Hemisphere calibration curve to 55,000 cal BP. IntCal Working Group, Reimer et al. 2020.
CRA Master Database: the Cross-Indexed Monthly Matrix with the Master Workbook
The Association's assembled research database: twenty five series aligned to one monthly axis from 1749 to 2026, from sunspot number through geomagnetic indices, the Eskdalemuir field record, Earth rotation, and monthly earthquake and eruption tallies, delivered as CSV beside the full Master Database workbook with sixteen filterable sheets, a computed dashboard, and per-sheet provenance. Empty cells mean no source epochs in that month; nothing is interpolated.
- Coverage
- 1749-01 to 2026-08
- Resolution
- Monthly
- Records
- 380,890
- Package
- 14.7 MB
IERS EOP C01 Polar Motion, Cleaned, 1846 to 2026
The complete long polar motion record at 18.26-day sampling, mechanically cleaned: 3,170 epochs of the rotation pole's wobble and drift since 1846, the series behind the observed-record figure on the Association's site, with the methodology notebook that reproduces both the file and the figure.
- Coverage
- 1846.0 to 2026.45
- Resolution
- 18.26-day (C01 sampling)
- Records
- 3,170
- Package
- 62 KB
IERS EOP 20 C04 Daily Earth Orientation Parameters, 1962 to 2025
The full modern Earth orientation record at daily resolution: polar motion (x, y), UT1-UTC, excess length of day, celestial pole offsets, and polar motion rates, with formal uncertainties, from the IERS EOP 20 C04 combined series consistent with ITRF 2020. This is the reference series for contemporary rotation analysis.
- Coverage
- 1962-01-01 to 2025-05-05 (snapshot at issue)
- Resolution
- Daily (0h UTC)
- Records
- 23,136
- Package
- 718 KB
Earth Oblateness (C20 and J2) from Satellite Laser Ranging, 1976 to 2025
Thirty-day estimates of the degree-2 zonal gravity coefficient C20 from satellite laser ranging to up to eight satellites, with the equivalent dynamical form factor J2. J2 tracks the planet's oblateness: the redistribution of mass between high latitudes and the equator, one of the bridge observables between mass transport and rotation.
- Coverage
- 1976 to 2025 (epoch 2025.79)
- Resolution
- 30-day estimates (mid-point epochs)
- Records
- 601
- Package
- 29 KB
Excess Length of Day, Daily, 1962 to 2025
The excess length of day series at daily resolution, extracted from the IERS EOP 20 C04 combined solution, with UT1-UTC retained for integration checks. Length of day is the most direct observable of angular momentum exchange between the solid Earth, the fluid envelopes, and the core.
- Coverage
- 1962-01-01 to 2025-05-05 (snapshot at issue)
- Resolution
- Daily (0h UTC)
- Records
- 23,136
- Package
- 303 KB
Annual Mean Pole Position and Drift, 1900 to 2024
Calendar-year mean position of Earth's rotation pole and its year-over-year drift velocity, computed mechanically from the IERS observed series (C01 through 1961, C04 from 1962). The mean pole path is the cleanest view of secular polar drift and of the departures of the recent decades.
- Coverage
- 1900 to 2024, complete years only
- Resolution
- Annual
- Records
- 125
- Package
- 20 KB
IERS Bulletin A Combined Polar Motion and UT1, Observed, 1973 to 2026
The rapid-service combined Earth orientation solution (Bulletin A, finals2000A) restricted to observed epochs: polar motion, UT1-UTC, and excess length of day with formal uncertainties. This is the operational series used for near-real-time rotation monitoring; prediction rows are excluded so every record in this file is a measurement.
- Coverage
- 1973-01-02 to 2026-07-16, observed epochs only
- Resolution
- Daily
- Records
- 19,554
- Package
- 542 KB
Documented Geomagnetic Excursions of the Brunhes Chron: Reference Catalog
A compact reference catalog of the well-documented geomagnetic excursions of the Brunhes chron and the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal boundary: midpoint ages, published age ranges, event type, evidence classes, and the key literature threads for each event. Compiled for orientation and citation-chasing; the ages carry the uncertainties of the underlying chronologies.
- Coverage
- 0 to 800 ka (Brunhes chron and its lower boundary)
- Resolution
- Event catalog
- Records
- 8
- Package
- 17 KB
Holocene Virtual Axial Dipole Moment Composite, 18,000 Years Before Present to 2026
A composite series of Earth's virtual axial dipole moment from the Late Glacial to the present, assembled from the published paleomagnetic reconstructions (GLOPIS-75, GEOMAGIA50-class compilations, CALS10k.2, and the gufm1/IGRF era for the recent centuries), with the uncertainty envelope and the contributing source named per epoch. This is the series behind the observed-record dipole figure on the Association's site.
- Coverage
- 18,000 years BP to 2026 CE
- Resolution
- Variable: centennial in deep time, finer toward present
- Records
- 159
- Package
- 19 KB
Geomagnetic Dipole Moment and Pole Position from IGRF-13, 1900 to 2020
The centered dipole moment of Earth's magnetic field and the geomagnetic pole position at each IGRF-13 epoch, computed from the degree-1 Gauss coefficients by the standard formulas. The century-scale decline of the dipole moment is the headline quantity; the computation is fully mechanical and reproducible from the included script.
- Coverage
- Epochs 1900.0 to 2020.0, 5-year spacing
- Resolution
- 5-year model epochs
- Records
- 25
- Package
- 18 KB
IGRF-13 Gauss Coefficients in Tidy Long Format, 1900 to 2020, with 2020 to 2025 Secular Variation
The 13th-generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field: every Schmidt semi-normalized Gauss coefficient (g, h) to degree and order 13, reshaped from the official wide table into a tidy long format ready for direct analysis, with the published 2020 to 2025 secular variation terms included as a labeled epoch.
- Coverage
- Epochs 1900.0 to 2020.0 at 5-year spacing, plus SV 2020-2025
- Resolution
- 5-year model epochs
- Records
- 5,070
- Package
- 34 KB
Eskdalemuir Observatory Hourly Geomagnetic Means, Assembled, 1911 to 2024
The full definitive hourly record of observatory ESK in one continuous file: 999,336 hourly means of X, Y, Z, and F from 1911 through 2024, assembled from 1,370 monthly WDC files, with the monthly means table beside it. One of the longest unbroken instrumental windows on the field that exists, and the observational counterpart to the Association's dipole moment work.
- Coverage
- 1911-01-01 to 2024-12-31
- Resolution
- Hourly
- Records
- 1,000,704
- Package
- 8.7 MB
Solar and Heliospheric Collection: Sunspots, F10.7, Cosmic Rays, Solar Wind
Eight cleaned solar activity series from five independent producers: the SILSO sunspot number at daily, monthly, and yearly cadence back to 1700, the SWPC solar cycle indices, the Penticton F10.7 radio flux, the Oulu neutron monitor cosmic ray record, and an hourly OMNI2 solar wind and activity subset with its monthly means. The provider diversity is deliberate: solar claims in Association work are checked across producers, and members can do the same.
- Coverage
- 1700 to 2026, cadence by series
- Resolution
- Hourly to yearly by series
- Records
- 691,659
- Package
- 6.4 MB
Global Earthquake Catalogue, Magnitude 5.0 and Above, 1900 to 2026
The instrumental record of significant global seismicity in one file: 107,175 events at magnitude 5.0 and above from January 1900 through August 2026, merged from seventeen period pulls of the USGS ComCat FDSN service, deduplicated on event id and ordered in time. Time, position, depth, magnitude and type, and place strings as issued by the USGS.
- Coverage
- 1900-01-05 to 2026-08-31
- Resolution
- Event catalogue
- Records
- 107,175
- Package
- 3.1 MB
Global Hazard Catalogues: Significant Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Runups, Eruptions
The pre-instrumental and historical event record: NOAA NCEI significant earthquakes back to 2150 BCE, tsunami events with all 35,060 measured runups, significant volcanic events, and the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program Holocene volcano and eruption catalogues. The cross-reference ids (tsunamiEventId, earthquakeEventId, volcanoEventId) are preserved so cascade events can be traced across the four databases.
- Coverage
- 2150 BCE to 2026, by catalogue
- Resolution
- Event catalogues
- Records
- 58,102
- Package
- 1.9 MB
Global Tide Gauge Sea Level, Monthly and Annual by Station, 1807 to 2026
The PSMSL Revised Local Reference archive assembled into two station-indexed long tables: 826,214 monthly and 65,833 annual mean sea level records for 1,609 stations with names and coordinates joined on. Values are millimetres on each station's RLR datum: comparable within a station across time, not across stations, which is the property that matters for detecting change.
- Coverage
- 1807 to 2026, 1,609 stations
- Resolution
- Monthly and annual
- Records
- 892,047
- Package
- 3.7 MB
Paleoclimate and Deep Time: Ice Cores, the LR04 Stack, Radiocarbon Curves
The abrupt-change record in eleven cleaned files: GISP2 and GRIP from Greenland, EPICA Dome C to 800,000 years and the WAIS Divide series from Antarctica, the LR04 global benthic stack to 5.3 million years, and all three IntCal20 radiocarbon calibration curves. Together they carry the Younger Dryas, the Dansgaard-Oeschger events, the glacial terminations, and the calibration frame every radiocarbon date in the literature resolves through.
- Coverage
- Present to 5.3 million years BP, by series
- Resolution
- By series; age scales as published
- Records
- 109,817
- Package
- 1004 KB
Atmospheric Angular Momentum (ESMGFZ AAM), Daily Means, 1976 to 2025
Effective angular momentum functions of the atmospheric mass (surface pressure) and motion (wind) terms from ECMWF analyses, prepared as a single continuous daily series from the ESMGFZ yearly product files. The equatorial components (chi1, chi2) excite polar motion; the axial component (chi3) excites length-of-day change. Together with its companion CRA series this set supports full excitation budget analysis against the observed rotation record.
- Coverage
- 1976-01-01 to 2025-09-29
- Resolution
- Daily means of 3h source
- Records
- 18,170
- Package
- 1.2 MB
Hydrological Angular Momentum (ESMGFZ HAM), Daily, 1976 to 2025
Effective angular momentum functions of the terrestrial water storage terms from the LSDM hydrological model, prepared as a single continuous daily series from the ESMGFZ yearly product files. The equatorial components (chi1, chi2) excite polar motion; the axial component (chi3) excites length-of-day change. Together with its companion CRA series this set supports full excitation budget analysis against the observed rotation record.
- Coverage
- 1976-01-01 to 2025-09-29
- Resolution
- Daily
- Records
- 18,170
- Package
- 1.1 MB
Oceanic Angular Momentum (ESMGFZ OAM), Daily Means, 1976 to 2025
Effective angular momentum functions of the oceanic mass (bottom pressure) and motion (current) terms from the MPIOM ocean model, prepared as a single continuous daily series from the ESMGFZ yearly product files. The equatorial components (chi1, chi2) excite polar motion; the axial component (chi3) excites length-of-day change. Together with its companion CRA series this set supports full excitation budget analysis against the observed rotation record.
- Coverage
- 1976-01-01 to 2025-09-29
- Resolution
- Daily means of 3h source
- Records
- 18,170
- Package
- 1.2 MB
Sea-Level Angular Momentum (ESMGFZ SLAM), Daily, 1976 to 2025
Effective angular momentum functions of the barystatic sea-level mass terms closing the global mass budget, prepared as a single continuous daily series from the ESMGFZ yearly product files. The equatorial components (chi1, chi2) excite polar motion; the axial component (chi3) excites length-of-day change. Together with its companion CRA series this set supports full excitation budget analysis against the observed rotation record.
- Coverage
- 1976-01-01 to 2025-09-29
- Resolution
- Daily
- Records
- 18,170
- Package
- 627 KB
The figure is drawn from IERS Bulletin A Combined Polar Motion and UT1 and IERS EOP 20 C04 Daily Earth Orientation Parameters. Both packages ship with the preparation script that regenerates them from the named source, so the figure is reproducible from the catalog rather than taken on trust.
Every package is prepared to the same discipline.
Each dataset ships as a package: the data file, a README stating the source, its terms, the exact cleaning steps, and every column definition; the preparation script that reproduces the file mechanically from the named source; and SHA-256 checksums for verification. Cleaning is mechanical only. Nothing is smoothed, interpolated, or removed unless the README says so, and predictions are excluded wherever a source mixes them with measurements.
The shelf grows with the research program. Original CRA findings and analysis products publish here as the Association's work proceeds, alongside the cleaned observational record.